Friday, 20 December 2013

The Tsaatan and the Selves: Touristic Spaces at the Dukha Summer Camp in Northern Mongolia


I finished my dissertation this September. In the first part of the dissertation I ended up looking at the socio-economic history and current situation in relation to tourism at this particular location. The second part deals with the tourist motivations and conditions of travelling to this site. The paper aslo takes up issues of media, representation and consumption, and engages critically with the anthropology of imagination.

The dissertation traces the overlaps and developments of the very multiple touristic spaces of the Dukha summer camp. The journeys which either include or destinate at the Dukha summer camp to be highly contextualised and individual. It looks into the motivations of the visitors suggesting a search for an extreme and authentic ‘other’.

Such encounters with the unfamiliar are to impact the ‘self’ of the traveller by expanding the horizons of the imaginary. I suggested the ‘imaginary’ to open many analytical paths to studying tourism(s).

I moved quite far from my initial research topic that was looking at the movement of the reindeer herders in relation to the Reindeer Festival in the beginning of July. All in all, it was a great experience of adjusting the topic while doing fieldwork.

Wednesday, 17 July 2013

Culinary updates


Before heading to the taiga I did quite a bit of food shopping. I brought mainly noodles, but also coffee drinks, cereal drinks, bread, candy, peas, tuna, ketchup, buckwheat… As gifts I also took sweets with me, toothbrushes and toothpaste to balance this, drawing supplies for children, mosquito repellent, soap, coffee drinks etc. We first got through my food and the second half of my stay I was totally dependent on local food which I was very happy with. It makes sense to share if one household has more than the neighboring. Zaya and PJ had often a load of people over for dinner.



Before leaving Tsagaannuur for East Taiga an Estonian student living in London brought three apples imported from Chile. Everyone kept telling me they thought the apples were from China. Fresh vegetables were things I came to miss the most, and as soon I got back, I shopped some more for this faint tasting fruit.

For breakfast we usually had bread. Every day Zaya baked fresh bread on the stove. Usually yesterday’s bread lasted at least until dinner time. Warm bread from the stove smelled so amazing but it was forbidden to have it hot because it needed to cool down to be thoroughly baked and not collapse. Here the bread is cooling pressed between the tepee canvas and a pole.



















I found a solution to this that turned into somewhat of a new trend– putting a slice of bread on the stove and then covering it with a thick layer of butter. I ate a lot of bread, man. Not unusually for more than one meal. PJ’s aunt made also taiga bread that was very crusty having been baked straight in the ashes. I’m sold to the idea of making bread myself.


One day I went looking for wild onions by the river but also found rhubarb (beyond metaphor as you can see). I had not expected to find rhubarb, in fact, I had not the slightest idea where in the world it would grow in the wild. In the taiga there’s jam made of it but even more commonly it is just toasted on the stove like the bread above and had as a treat.



















Some days before my arrival Zaya and PJ got meat that was now drying hanged up one the side of the tepee. We had it often with rice. Or home made tsuivan (noodles): first dough from flour, then formed into pancake-like bread and baked on the stove, then dried/cooled and later chopped up into noodles. Very tasty! Zaya used a lot of garlic and was an excellent cook. She also made taiga’s rice pudding with reindeer milk which we had with sugar. It was so filling I almost skipped meals the next day. Food was always accompanied by milk tea.

On my way back from Tsagannuur to Mörön we stopped at a lady’s mother’s house. This is how detailed it gets. Mongolian diet seems fairly different to Tsaatan as they eat significantly more meat. It was a hearty meal that started with tea and some aaruul – Mongolian dried curd. Just outside I could see almost all phases of aaruul being prepared.


Tuesday, 16 July 2013

Zuun Taiga


The reindeer herders living in Mongolia are divided into two areas: East (Zuun) ja West (Baruun) Taiga. I went to East Taiga where two large families had joined to spend a summer in cool valley with their reindeer. In total there were currently 107 people divided to 23 families, and their approximately 350 reindeer. In West Taiga there are more people and reindeer, around 35 to 38 families. In East Taiga I was told that the total number of reindeer in both taigas would be just above 1000.



















The reindeer wondered freely grazing in the valley and surrounding mountains often coming to rest by the ortz (tepee).

   
This is Zaya’s and PJ’s ortz where I spent my 8 days of visiting the camp. The day usually started around 9am, although either Zaya or PJ usually got up around 7am to make the fire. My tasks included wondering to the river to bring water, sweeping (which I was great at), bringing in firewood and helping with the dishes. Sometimes I assisted in cooking. I definitely did a lot of eating which I think deserves a post of its own.

   
Mornings proceeded after a long breakfast with catching the female reindeer and milking. Here’s a photo of Zaya catching her females (in the evening though) to take them back to the camp for milking. She gave me her husband’s wellies, tied my feet in cloth (socks not used) and took me with her as her assistant herder. Each family has 2 to 4 females that they milk getting about 200g of milk per reindeer. It is used to make tea and cook, for example to make very filling and tasty rice pudding. Families who have more females and can collect more milk also make cheese. Reindeer are not used for meat unless it is unavoidable to kill a reindeer once it has, for instance, injured itself.

Me and the reindeer I brought back for milking. Everyone laughed when they saw the photo saying I was so extremely tall that a reindeer looks like a tiny sheep when put next to me. Reindeer have very sweet always in for some salt.

Milking time in the evening looked usually like a patchwork of tourists, locals and reindeer scattered in their different interests of the event. The reindeer were pretty calm, only reindeer babies who were tied to the logs for the time being wanting to be reunited to their mums. The Dukha women and children were chatting, milking and sorting out reindeer. The tourists wanted to take pictures of the reindeer and the milking event. And then me, a student, wondering around, asking everyone questions that broadly divided into categories: having been asked hundred times before or ones that didn’t seem of much relevance.

A large part of the day was spent in an ortz socialising and relaxing. Here’s a usual view from our ortz. Reindeer often come by to ask for salt from the families they belong to. Other reindeer wondering by are not given salt. Men usually were occupied with firewood or carvings. Women were cooking or doing small household tasks. All happened in a very relaxed unhurried manner.

Most of the time was spent in an ortz having tea, chatting and visiting each other. Everyone walked freely from one family to another always being welcome and sharing food if someone had more than the ortz next door. Here two sisters (placing 2nd and 3rd in age in the village) are chatting to visiting Italians (film-maker in the far left) about a film made in 1996 that they had just seen. The Italian group brought it along and screened and the locals were indeed to see it. Electricity for it comes from solar panels that were distributed and sold half price by a World Bank project. The film lasting for few minutes was in Italian and presented a very mystical aspect of everyday life of the group. The second man from the left – the shaman of the village – was later interviewed by the Italians. Zaya is second from the right, translating. The tourist interest were mainly located on 5 groups from which 3 are captured on this photo: elderly people, the shaman, English-speaking Zaya who had moved to the taiga 6 years ago. The two other groups are children and reindeer who received a lot of attention, especially by being photographed.

 
Summer seemed a busy time– there was always something going on. Here a week-long or so school is being put up for children to learn written Tuvan, their mother tongue. Tuvan is written in Cyrillic script like Mongolian but has several additional letters. Tuvan is spoken but everyone is also fluent in Mongolian.

 The children who go to school in Tsagannuur and stay in the village during the winter with their families were all back for the summer. The taiga gets also gets a lot of visitors particularly from end of June up to beginning of August which is actually a very short spell of time. During my stay at the camp there were 23 tourists coming to visit the camp out of whom 19 I interviewed. Besides them it was me (borderline tourist) and a French anthropologist Magali who had been studying the area for 17 years and was now spending her summer holiday there with her two children. On the photo, a typical early July scene– children playing on the left, Magali in her beige top looking at the souvenir market organised for the tourists.

Sunday, 14 July 2013

Roads and Horses


Since yesterday I’m back to having internet. Here’s some pictures of my journey to East Taiga in Northern Mongolia (from UB 15h bus + 15h car + 10h horseback). It was a quite a long way to get there I thought. I got good training on how things go the way they do and there is simply no way you can resist that in a country as large as Mongolia. At times I felt very powerless, and annoyed. And annoyed for feeling annoyed. I got ripped off all the time in the beginning, later on I picked up on fair prices.
I left UB to take a bus to Mörön some time during the last week of June. I was very impressed how the ride had improved: the small and packed “Russian jeep” a year and a half ago was replaced with a large air-conditioned Chinese bus with a dvd player.. Also, the delay of departure had come down to one hour compared to the earlier three. We left around 4pm and got to Mörön already at 7am. In Mörön I organised a border permit that I needed to visit the reindeer herders’ camp and that I had been refused in UB. I got it in a day (paid a lot) and took a shared car up to Tsagaannuur. The car was supposed to leave early in the afternoon, then having been temporarily cancelled due to lack of travellers, in the end we left Mörön just after 9pm and got there after noon. I guess I haven’t ever really minded delays and changes of plans when I travel, it’s more of a plus most of the time. But feeling of needing to get something, whatever it was, done, definitely made me a slightly less of a relaxed traveller. Luckily, I did have multiple chances to practice going with the flow, for instance when my guide came to pick me up early from the reindeer herders’ camp or when I managed to take a bus back to UB that I did not have ticket to and which had been sold out.


Me hard at work participant observing tourists in front of my ger at a guesthouse in Mörön on the day I got my border permit sorted and was waiting for a car to take me to Tsagaannuur.


The subjects. First they bought two horses who kept biting, hitting and escaping. After stitches in UB and more pain they decides to sell the horses and get motorcycles from the local market instead. They were going west towards Olgii while I headed north.


The new cultural landscape of the Land of Blue Sky. On the left our car which ran out of petrol some kilometers before Tsagaannuur Village while, we had already reached Tsagaan (White) Nuur (Lake); in the middle a group of French-Swill tourists on a horse trek from Khatgal to Tsaatan (Dukha) reindeer herders camp; far right a herd of goats.


Sitting on a hill waiting for something to happen– someone to come by and bring us petrol.



































And even more importantly– where’s the shower? Oh the heavenly shower. Luckily I got to Tsagannuur just on the day of a village shower day, I mean, on the day when the communal shower house was open. All the thoughts over different kinds of worries were literally washed away. It was a new day, a new beginning, my hair was clean and smelled nice. I stayed at the Tsaatan Tov (House or Tsaatan Visitor Centre) which was put up about five years ago and felt somewhat stranded now. Borkhuu, a Dukha man who moved to the village due to his wife’s health now lives next to the visitor center and manages it. Most of the people coming by the visitor center are with a tour because otherwise language is a problem when organizing horses to the reindeer herding camp etc. It’s a long story how the visitor center came into being and now has kind of stopped functioning and I’ll give it more attention in my next post.

A Swiss girl who I interviewed a few days after staying at the Tsaatan Tov gave me Smith’s Love Over Scotland that I read while waiting for a bus back to Mörön. I didn’t enjoy it too much but it definitely made me feel nostalgic towards Edinburgh which was a strange sensation being tucked away in a small village like Tsagaannuur. But that’s besides the point, there was something else in to book that I could relate to. Smith writes about an anthropologist (very established, he says, not a student) waking up on the first night in the field realizing there is someone else in the house, the room, where she had fallen asleep thinking she was alone. That someone was just looking at her once she opened her eyes. I can confirm Smith’s suggestion that being quite scary. And it created a moment of hesitation– why was I so far? Why had I come alone? And was it a good idea to set off with a guide the next morning who I had never met?



The answer was obviously yes, it was. My guide was good and took care of me on my first experience on a horse that lasted over ten hours straight. That’s how long it takes to reach Tsaatan camp from Tsagaannuur. This a photo of me and my horse on a break. I mastered trotting on the way back. I didn’t fall off the horse but I was quite scared as I always am with everything all the time. Eventually the horse fell but I stayed on it, it got up and was fine.


We are going down from a mountain pass, it was around 9pm then I had just led the horse all by myself first time in my life which I’m very proud of. My guide has just picked up a stone to add it to the ovoo ahead.


It was beautiful to be so high up near the sky.


Dukha camp in a distance. It’s quite a wet valley with numerous rivers providing lush bushed for the reindeer to ear. The white dots are tepees (ortz). I was told it was about 2300m above sea level.

Tuesday, 25 June 2013

Daily report 25/06/13

Woke up at 7am to be the first one in the queue for a warm shower, the apartment block where the hostel is located currently doesn’t have hot water but there’s an electrical heater for one of the showers. Ate breakfast and chatted to other travellers. It was pouring down. Went outside at 9am in search of Khuvsgul Mongolian Travels office that was supposed to be located in the City Plaza, 5th floor. I went to the Aeroflot office instead where a guy googlemapped City Plaza. In 15 min I was there but the Khuvsgul Mongolian Travels was not. Went around looking, found an office on the 5th floor, unknown, a guy called information and found out that the KMT office had moved two years ago and was ‘too far for me to visit’. I got phone numbers for the KMT. Went to exchange money. Went to the post office to buy postcards. Went to look for the Mongolian Tourist Board that was supposed to be in the Sports Palace. Looked for it for about half an hour inside out but it wasn’t there. Was hungry and wet and wanted to find a cafe — the Loving Hut near the main square. Really needed some tea. Did not find the cafe but the foreign ministry. Went looking around, didn’t find the cafe. Decided to head to the hostel to get a jumper, found the Loving Hut. Had lunch. Went to the hostel to get my laptop, change clothes and go to a cafe. In the hostel found out I have to find a new place for my last night in Ulan-Bator before heading north, that is day after tomorrow. Went to the French Bakery for a coffee to get myself going again. Did reading on organisations actively involved in Mongolian tourism. Phoned the Mongolian Tourist Board to find out their new address. I had a feeling it might be at the Tourism Ministry, or part of it. They told me to wait but never answered. I called again, they hung up. I called the Mongolian Tourist Information, found out their address and went there. Asked about the Reindeer Festival, got phone numbers that I already had. Very helpful lovely people though. Asked about the Mongolian Tourist Board, got misunderstood and given the location of an office where I need to apply for the border permit instead. Took a bus and walked to the office for the border permit (far). Was good to walk though a residential area. Got there, found out that I should have brought a letter in Mongolian and should come back on Thursday because tomorrow (Wednesday) the presidential elections are held and the office is closed. Walked back, took some photos, decided to pay a visit to the Tourism Ministry. Found the Environmental and Sustainable Development Ministry instead. Called a person from the reception desk. Got given numbers of the director for the general planning of the Tourism Ministry and the Env Ministry both. Got encouraged to contact them but got told the ministries are closed on Wednesday as I’m leaving on Thursday I will need to meet them when I’m back in July. Hopefully will have time. Went back to the hostel to get a wire for my camera to make this blog post. Chatted to a traveller who I had interviewed (read: talked to) earlier to get photos from her trip to Norther Mongolia and exchange contacts. Went to a cafe but the internet stopped working. Had more coffee and a lot of cake (dinner). Came back to the hostel. Called another hostel to make a booking for the next night. Easy and pleasant and surprising they had space. Blogged. I guess the day is finishing, it is 10.30pm now. Deciding to label it the beginning (rather than a failure of a day). Should learn Mongolian as soon as possible. Sleep.

Some photos I took today.

 
Newly married on Sükhbaatar square.


 
In the search of the border permit office.
  












On the way from the border permit office to the ministry.



   The road to the center. 


Nationalism is on. 


Selbe river and apartment blocks. 


   A dog napping next to the Chinese embassy (emotionally descriptive of all the tourists who are refused a Chinese visa).
   

A graffiti in front of the dance and music school.

  
Many new apartment blocks are being put up.




Beijing Airport


So it happened that I actually had to fly via Beijing and spend a night at the airport. Airports remain to strike me as strange places. I don’t know– something about people who can afford it having come to go somewhere else. There’s something uplifting and impersonal about airports. Something liminal between the everyday and the magical travel in time and space. I wish someone would suggest turning Beijing airport into a multifunctional botanical garden. There’s definitely enough sunlight, and perhaps then this exclusive place could at least include plants, plant lovers and some butterflies.

Tuesday, 18 June 2013

Almost ready to go


My sincere apologies for keeping you all in the dark for so long. Right after the start of my enthusiastic fundraising I was hit hard by essays, exams and reading, as an average MA student is. The blog is back up and running now, indicating that so am I!

My departure for the fieldwork has shifted a little bit: I’m going to arrive in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on Saturday 22nd, leaving London a day earlier. I will fly via Turkey both ways. For a moment I thought I’d stop in Istanbul for a couple of days but have now decided to stay in Mongolia for a whole month instead. I’m hoping to return to London on July 20th being some experiences and few of shades of tan richer; and maybe learned a best position for hitting the ground when falling off of a horse…

During these two days I have left in London I still have a heap of things to organise. Then again, knowing myself, time pressure can do only good when trying to make some progress. Cutting down on excessive sleeping and eating that has been taking ground after the exams has been long due. I will be doing most of the shopping and packing tomorrow leaving Thursday for unexpected errands, emailing and cleaning.

I’m hoping to be a better blogger from now on and give regular updates. However, I’ve decided not to take my laptop with me, so there may be some gaps now and then.
Thanks again to everyone who has been helping me with making the fieldwork actually happen. In the end I think I gathered about 30% of the funds that I needed for the whole thing. With the money I’ll be saving by not living in London for a month and having a little transaction with the room that I won’t be using, I think I can say that budget issues are under control. Here’s some essentials that will be accompanying me such as my first tape recorder given me by Ritam, Dickens’ book Great Expectations from Aerie and my passport with the visa…

New update already when en route!

Sunday, 24 March 2013

Fundraising: Bake sale at SOAS

Acca, Kenny and the cakes half through the sale.

Last Wednesday we had a bake sale at SOAS, London to fundraise for my fieldwork. It was great: Helen, Arabella, Kenny and Maria baked for the event. Our menu included tomato-herb-goats cheese pie, strawberry-fig crostata, banana-choco cake, blueberry and white choco muffins, strawberry cheesecake muffins, oat cookies and spinach pie. Altogether we raised £75 and 32p. This means that together with the crowdsourcing website 25% of the funds needed have been raised now.

Thank you so much everyone who made last Wednesday one of the loveliest days I’ve spent at SOAS!

Monday, 11 February 2013

MA Field Trip Preparations

FIELD TRIP 13 June – 11 July 2013; London – Ulaantaiga – London (note fieldwork now happening 22/06-20/07)

The story begins with fundraising for the projects. Many of you may know how difficult (impossible) it is to get funding for MA level fieldwork, I have looked and not found those grants. However, I feel this fieldwork is very much central to my project and future, hence I have decided to unite my first field trip with my first crowd-sources fundraiser.

The field trip will take me to Northern Mongolia, to a small group of reindeer herders called the Duhka. Due to being nomadic and shamanistic – exotic – they have become a hotspot in Mongolian tourism. This has led to establishing a tourist oriented Reindeer Festival. I'm planning to attend the event with the Dukha.


Budget 

Visa and travel insurance
Mongolian visa for 30 days            £40 (London)
Travel insurance for 30 days            £25 (Salva, Estonia)
Total £65

Travel to and from Mongolia
Flight London-Istanbul-Ulan-Bator return            £500 (discount ticket for my sister works for an airline)
Bus Ulan-Ude airport to centre, return            £1
Bus Ulan-Ude – Ulan-Bator, return            £42 (1050×2 rub)
Total £543

Travel in Mongolia (exc in the field)
Bus Ulan-Bator – Moron, return            £31 (35000×2 tugrik)
Bus Moron – Tsagaannuur, return            £15 (15000×2 tugrik)
City transport in Ulan-Bator            £1 (400×6 tugrik)
Total £47

Accommodation (13 hostels, 2 bus, 13 campsite/festival, 1 airport)
Hostel Ulan-Bator            £35 (Mongolian Steppe £7×5)
Hostel in Moron            £20 (Gan-Oyu Guesthouse $15×2)
Accommodation in Tsagaannuur            £60 ($15×6)
Total £115

Food
Mean per day            £112 (£7×18, excl. field site)
Total £112

Fieldwork
Total day cost in the field (including horses, guide/translator, some food, accommodation)            £404 (day $45×14)
Total £444

TOTAL £1326



This is Mongolian money. The 1 tugrik note is worth £0.000459479